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Stroking- a technique in which the massaged hand only glides over the skin without moving it into folds. This technique is performed with varying degrees of pressure. Stroking is usually performed at the very beginning of the massage lightly, without tension, in the middle of the session (after hard techniques) and at the end of the massage as a calming effect.
Stroking :
Basic stroking techniques:
Figure 1. Stroking specific areas of the body.
Stroking may be superficial and deep, intermittent and continuous. Intermittent stroking excites, and superficial stroking calms (tactile receptors quickly adapt). A type of continuous stroking is alternate stroking, the implementation of which is that as soon as one hand completes stroking, the second hand is moved above it and performs the same movements, but in the opposite direction.
Execution technique
Movements can be performed with one or two hands (parallel or sequentially). During planar stroking, movements can be performed in different directions: (longitudinal, transverse, circular, spiral) for superficial stroking and along the course of the lymph vessels for deep stroking.
When stroking in a straight line, the hand should be relaxed, free, straight, fingers closed and in the same plane. Spiral stroking has a tonic effect, zigzag stroking has a calming effect, and circular stroking is used on small joints. When grasping stroking, the hand and fingers take the shape of a groove, they are relaxed, and the thumb is abducted as much as possible and opposed to the rest of the closed fingers. The brush fits tightly with the palmar surface to the massaged area, grasping it. The reception is done in the direction of the nearest lymph node. For a deeper effect, the massage can be carried out with weights (on the limbs, lateral surfaces of the body, areas with an excess layer of subcutaneous base), one hand is placed on top of the other, thereby increasing the pressure on the tissue. The technique can be performed with the entire palm, the back of the hand, one, two or several fingers, the base of the palm, the ulnar edge of the hand, etc.
Stroking is performed slowly, rhythmically, starting from the proximal parts; in case of swelling and acute injuries, they begin on the second day from the injured area.
Auxiliary stroking techniques
Comb-shaped– performed with the main phalanges of fingers bent and slightly spread at an angle of 30-35°. Stroking is performed with the back surface of bent fingers. This technique helps with large fat deposits and is used for deep stroking of large muscles and thick muscle layers, especially in the back, pelvis, and is also applicable on the palms and soles, where the muscles and tendons are covered by a dense aponeurosis.
Pincer-shaped- performed with the thumb and index (or thumb and other) fingers, grasping a muscle, tendon or fold of skin (as with forceps), throughout (when massaging the lateral surfaces of the fingers, the edges of the hand and foot, face, ears, nose, tendons, small muscle groups).
rake-shaped– with the pads of widely spread, straightened fingers touching the surface at an angle of 30-35° (back, hips, scalp), this can be done with weights, in this case the fingers of the other hand are placed on the fingers of the massaged hand (index on the little finger, middle on the ring finger, etc.) .d.); used for massage of the scalp, intercostal spaces, abdomen and other areas of the body with varicose veins, damage to individual areas of the skin, when it is necessary to bypass the lesions.
Cruciform– performed with the palms, while the hands are clasped with the fingers crosswise and clasped around the massaged area; used for limb massage. The patient places his hand on the massage therapist's shoulder or his limb is on the edge of the table or on the massager's cushions. In case of bed rest, during the rehabilitation period after serious illnesses and in the postoperative period, it is recommended to perform cross-shaped stroking of the back surfaces of the lower extremities, back, pelvic area, and gluteal muscles to prevent bedsores.
Ironing performed with one or two hands, the dorsal surfaces of the main and middle phalanges of the fingers, bent at right angles at the metacarpophalangeal joints, and in the opposite direction - with the pads of straightened fingers (rake-like stroking). Ironing can be done with weights, placing the hand of the other hand on the massaging fingers clenched into a fist. This technique is often used when massaging the back and hips. If you carry out this technique without excessive pressure on areas of the body with increased sensitivity of the skin and muscles (on the face, neck), then ironing has a gentle effect.
Stroking is one of the main massage techniques. This technique is usually used to begin and end the procedure. It is also used when replacing one technique with another.
The effect of this technique on the body is of great importance. With its help, the skin is cleansed of keratinized scales and remnants of the sebaceous glands. As a result of this, the work of skin respiration and the work of the sweat and sebaceous glands are normalized. In the future, we can observe how the skin tone improves, the skin becomes firmer and more elastic.
In addition, blood circulation in the body improves. A beneficial effect also appears on blood vessels, the walls of which become more elastic. If there is swelling, stroking helps eliminate it, because it helps the outflow of lymph and blood.
As a result of this intake, decay products are removed from the body, which helps cleanse the body. Also, with the help of stroking, you can soothe pain from injuries and other diseases.
It also has a huge impact on the nervous system. Depending on the intensity with which the technique is performed, one or another result can be achieved. For example: by performing deeper strokes, the nervous system is excited, while superficial and light strokes bring the nervous system into a state of calm.
It is useful to perform this technique for insomnia, increased excitability of the nervous system, and also after heavy physical activity. With its help, you can achieve complete relaxation of the muscles, which will prepare them for subsequent massage techniques.
Massage appointment
When doing this, your hands should slide easily and freely over the body without moving the skin. This technique should not affect the deeper layers of muscle mass. To make the movements soft and gliding, oil is applied to the body. Using broad movements, the oil is rubbed into the skin, while relaxing and warming the body.
Hands glide easily over the surface of the skin, touching it very gently. All movements are performed along the lymphatic vessels and veins. Exceptions include planar surface stroking, which can be performed regardless of the path.
If there is swelling or stagnation on the body, it is worth starting movements from the overlying area. This will facilitate the outflow of fluid.
As a rule, this technique is used in conjunction with other techniques, but it can be performed as a separate massage effect.
When performing it, it is worth remembering that you first need to use superficial stroking, and only then use deeper techniques.
Deeper stroking should be applied to the area of the flexing limbs. It is in this area that the largest lymphatic and blood vessels pass.
The technique is performed rhythmically, approximately 25-26 movements are performed in 1 minute. Movements should not be too sharp or fast to prevent the skin from moving.
This technique is divided into:
Planar is usually performed on large and flat surfaces of the body (back, stomach, chest). When performing a flat stroking technique, the hand should be relaxed, the fingers should be straightened and closed. Movements can be arbitrary: in a circle, transverse, longitudinal, in a spiral. It can be performed with one or two hands.
Planar stroking
An enveloping type of stroking is used to massage the arms and legs, to massage the buttocks, neck, and lateral areas of the body. The technique is performed with a relaxed hand, while the thumb should be moved to the side and the rest should be closed. The brush should tightly grip the massaging surface. Movements can be intermittent or continuous.
When performing a technique with both hands, the arms should be parallel and follow a rhythmic direction. If the technique is performed on an area with an excess fat layer, in this case it is necessary to increase the pressure. To do this, you need to put one hand on top of the other, creating additional pressure.
Embracing stroking
Based on the strength of the effect, the technique is divided into:
Superficial is characterized by light and gentle movements. This technique has a particular effect on the nervous system, calming it. Muscle relaxation also appears, improving metabolic processes and blood circulation processes.
Deep massage is performed with force. It is better to apply pressure with your wrist. This technique helps eliminate congestion and swelling, and remove stagnation from the tissues. Deeper techniques significantly improve the functioning of the circulatory and lymphatic systems.
The stroking technique, especially planar, can be performed using the back of several phalanges and the lateral surfaces of the fingers. It all depends on what area the massage is performed on. For example, you can use the pads of your index finger and thumb to massage the interosseous muscles.
To massage large surfaces of the body (back, abdomen, chest), you can use stroking with your palm or a hand clenched into a fist.
This technique is also divided into:
When performing a continuous type of stroking, the palm should fit tightly to the area of the body being massaged. This technique promotes lymph outflow and eliminates swelling. It, in turn, can be alternating. In this case, one hand is raised above the other.
When performing an intermittent type of stroking, the hand movement should be short and rhythmic. This massage technique has an irritating effect on the receptors of the nervous system. Therefore, this type of reception is stimulating.
Depending on the direction of movement, this massage technique is divided into:
A straight-line type of massage is performed with the palm, the fingers of which should be pressed against each other, the thumb slightly moved to the side. The brush should be pressed tightly to the surface being massaged.
Straightforward
The zigzag look is done in a fast and smooth forward zigzag motion. This technique calms the nervous system and causes a feeling of warmth. It can be performed with different pressure levels.
Zigzag
The spiral technique is performed without much tension, the movements are light and sliding. The trajectory of movement should resemble a spiral. This type of intake has a tonic effect.
Spiral
Combined is a combination of straight, zigzag and spiral techniques. It can be performed in different directions.
Combined
A circular type of stroking is performed to massage small joints. As a rule, the technique is performed with the base of the palm, performing circular movements towards the little finger. Movements right hand should be directed clockwise, left - counter-clockwise.
Circular
Concentric massage technique is used to massage larger joints. To do this, your palms need to be placed close to each other. The movement is performed in the form of a figure eight. At first, the force of impact is intense, then the intensity should be reduced.
Concentric
To perform a longitudinal type of stroking, you need to move your thumb as far as possible. The movements are performed with the fingertips forward. When performed with both hands, the movements are performed alternately.
Longitudinal
In addition to the basic stroking techniques, auxiliary ones are also used:
Remembering and applying this technique is not so difficult. You can use all types of stroking at once, or you can choose only those that are most suitable for you.
The most commonly used technique in classical massage is stroking. A massage session usually begins and ends with stroking; other massage techniques are completed with stroking, inserting it between them. When stroking, the massage therapist's hand glides over the skin without moving it into folds. Depending on the goals of the session, the degree of pressure may vary.
When stroking, mechanical cleansing of the skin occurs. It is freed from residual secretions of the sebaceous and sweat glands and from excess horny scales. As a result, skin respiration becomes more efficient and secretory function improves.
In tissues skin Blood circulation improves due to the opening of reserve capillaries, metabolism increases, skin nutrition becomes better, and its tone increases. The skin becomes smoother, firmer and more elastic, in a word, the effect of skin rejuvenation is observed.
Stroking has a tonic effect on the walls of blood vessels located deep in the skin, facilitating the outflow of blood and lymph, which helps reduce tissue swelling and accelerates the removal of metabolic and decay products.
Using various stroking techniques, dosing the degree of pressure and duration of the procedure, you can achieve opposite effects on the nervous system, for example, with superficial planar stroking there will be a calming effect, and with deep intermittent stroking it will be stimulating.
If stroking is used in the area of the so-called reflexogenic zones, then this has a therapeutic effect on the internal organs and systems associated with these zones. The analgesic and absorbable effects of stroking are also known.
Planar stroking is carried out with a brush with straightened and closed fingers, which are located in the same plane. Movements can have different directions: transverse, longitudinal, circular, spiral. The procedure can be performed with one or two hands.
Plane stroking is used to massage the back, chest, abdomen, face, neck, as well as arms and legs.
Planar deep stroking is performed with one palm, while the second acts as a weight, exerting pressure of varying strength on the back of the massaging palm. Movements should be directed towards the nearest lymph nodes.
The deep stroking technique is used to massage the back, chest, buttocks and legs.
Embracing stroking performed with a brush folded into a groove. The thumb is moved as far as possible to the side and during movement it is opposed to the rest of the closed fingers, thus the hand clasps the massaged surface. Movements are carried out in the direction of nearby lymph nodes, and can be either continuous or intermittent. Like planar stroking, grasping can be made deeper by applying pressure to the massaging brush with your free hand.
Rake stroking carried out with spread fingers. During execution, the fingers resemble a rake for collecting leaves, and the hand is at an angle of 30-45° to the surface being massaged. You can perform the technique with one hand or two, with or without weights.
Glable-shaped stroking is used on the scalp, to massage the intercostal muscles, and on areas of the body with damaged skin that needs to be bypassed.
For execution comb-like stroking the hand is gathered into a fist, but not completely, and stroking is carried out with the bony protrusions of the main phalanges of the fingers, with one hand or two. This technique massages large muscle groups in the pelvis, back, palmar surfaces of the hands and plantar surfaces of the feet.
Pincer stroking fingers I and II folded into forceps. You can connect the third finger, which will increase the surface of contact with the skin. This technique massages small areas of our body, for example, fingers and toes, nose, ears, face, etc.
Ironing performed with the back of the fingers of the hand bent at right angles to its base. The technique is successfully combined with rake-like stroking, when ironing is used when moving forward, and rake-like stroking is used back. Can be used on any part of the body except the scalp.
Possible mistakes
The use of stroking on various parts of the body (video)
Massage techniques
In classical massage, four main techniques are used:
Stroking, rubbing, kneading, vibration.
Each of them has auxiliary techniques that... While preserving the essence of the main movement, they make it possible to achieve the greatest effect in relation to the features of the anatomical configuration of the massaged area.
The main criterion when choosing techniques in speech therapy massage is their dependence on the child’s muscle tone.
For hypotension muscles, exciting and stimulating techniques are used:
Intense intermittent stroking, rubbing and kneading.
For hypertension The techniques used are mainly low-intensity superficial stroking and light rubbing.
Stroking
Stroking is a technique in which the massager’s hand glides over a person’s skin without causing it to shift or gather into folds.
Basic stroking techniques
Planar stroking
Embracing stroking ( by hand position )
When flat stroking, the hand is held freely, without tension, the fingers are closed and in the same plane. This stroking is used on large areas of the skin - back, chest.
During grasping stroking, the massager’s hand, taking the shape of a groove, is freely relaxed, the thumb is moved to the side as much as possible, so that it is opposed to the rest. The hand, grasping the massaged part of the body, fits tightly with the palmar surface to this area.
Embracing stroking is used to massage the limbs, shoulder joints and other areas of the body with a round configuration.
Planar and enveloping stroking can be superficial and deep(by intensity ).
Superficial stroking - the hand of the massager gently, without effort, strokes. Has a calming effect
Deep stroking - the massager’s hand applies more vigorous pressure to the underlying tissue. The effectiveness of pressure increases if it is performed by the supporting part of the hand - the wrist.
Superficial stroking has a calming effect on the nervous system, reduces emotional arousal, promotes muscle relaxation, and increases skin firmness and elasticity.
Deep stroking especially stimulates lymph and blood flow, helps quickly eliminate congestion, and remove metabolic products from tissues.
Stroking can be done in the following areas :
Longitudinal;
Transverse;
Zigzag;
Circular;
Spiral.
It is carried out as a continuous slide over the massaged area of the body or in the form of intermittent rhythmic movements.
Continuous stroking promotes an inhibitory reaction in the central nervous system. Intermittent stroking in the form of rhythmic movements has a stimulating effect on the central nervous system.
Auxiliary stroking techniques.
The most commonly used auxiliary stroking techniques in speech therapy massage are:
Pincer-shaped
In pincer-like stroking, the massaged tissues are grasped between the pads of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd fingers in a pincer-like manner. This technique is used when massaging the lateral surfaces of the fingers, the edges of the hand, and the foot.
rake-shaped
When rake-like stroking, fingers spread widely apart in a rake-like manner are placed with pads on the massaged area of the body at an angle of 30 - 45 degrees. Stroking is carried out in the longitudinal, transverse, zigzag and circular directions. This stroking is most often used when massaging the scalp.
Comb-shaped
Comb-like stroking is performed by the bony protrusions of the main phalanges of the fingers of one or both hands bent into a fist. The technique is used for deep stroking of the large muscles of the back, the plantar surface of the foot, and the palmar surface of the hand.
These massage techniques are performed slowly, rhythmically 24 - 26 per minute.
Stroking is carried out not only as an independent technique, but as a “ connecting link» between receptions.
First, superficial stroking is performed, and then deeper.
During one massage session it is not necessary to use all types of basic and auxiliary techniques.
Trituration
Rubbing is such a movement of the massaging hand when, while applying pressure, moves the skin in different directions.
Rubbing enhances the contractile function of muscles and increases their tone. Under the influence of rubbing, a feeling of warmth quickly develops in the tissues. The temperature in them can rise by more than 5 degrees.
Rubbing is also carried out longitudinally, transversely, zigzag, circularly, and spirally. If stroking is carried out mainly in one direction, then rubbing in both directions - back and forth.
Performed in the same way as stroking but requires much more effort.
The main rubbing techniques are:
Rubbing with palms.
Sawing – a technique in which rubbing of tissues is carried out with the elbow edge of one or both hands. When performing the technique with 2 hands, the hands are facing each other with palms (distance 1-3 cm). The movements are performed in opposite directions; a roll of massaged tissue should form between the hands. When rubbing, the hands of the massager displace the skin roller and underlying tissues, avoiding sliding over the surface of the skin.
On average, the rubbing rate should be 60 - 100 movements per minute. It can be superficial and deep. The main task is to warm up the underlying tissues and prepare for the perception of more powerful techniques.
Comb-like rubbing.
Rubbing with fingers– produced by the fingertips. When rubbing, for example, the muscles of the lips with the thumb, the hand is fixed with the rest of the fingers. Mainly used for facial massage.
Kneading
Kneading is designed to work the muscles. When performing this technique, the neuromuscular fibers are stretched, as a result of which the influx of proprioceptive impulses going to the central nervous system improves. Which leads to reflex changes in the neuromuscular system.
Kneading maximizes muscle function.
It is carried out by shifting, stretching, grabbing, pulling tissue with one or two hands at the same time.
Massage movements, like stroking, are performed longitudinally, transversely, and spirally. To strengthen the wrist.
Kneading increases the tone and elasticity of muscles, strengthens them, and enhances contractile functions.
Kneading is usually performed continuously. The hands do not let go of the muscle being massaged; they perform movements rhythmically, without stopping, at a pace of 40-50 movements per minute.
In speech therapy massage, the technique is:
Kneading is done with the pad of the thumb, or the thumb and index finger, or the thumb and all the others. The reception can be described as
pinching - tissue is caught between the large and index finger and pinching movements are carried out.
forceps-like technique - the tissue being massaged is deeply grasped, slightly pulled back and passed between the fingers.
Squeezing and rubbing - the muscles are compressed between the pads of the thumb and other fingers, rubbing movements are carried out.
Vibration and effleurage
Vibration changes interstitial metabolism and improves tissue trophism. There are intermittent and continuous vibration.
Intermittent vibration in speech therapy massage is carried out with one, two or all fingers, while light tapping of the “finger shower” is performed. Tones muscles.
Continuous vibration is carried out by the palmar surface of the fingers or the entire palm; oscillatory movements are imparted to the tissues. Relaxes muscles.
Firm pressure
Used in areas where bundles of nerve endings exit. You can finish any stroking by pressing firmly.
With reduced tone of the speech muscles, use– stroking, rubbing, kneading. Intermittent vibration.
With increased tone of the speech muscles, use– stroking, continuous vibration, light rubbing.
Massage is combined with active and passive gymnastics techniques.
Toning massage scheme
Stroking – light rubbing – stroking – intense rubbing – stroking – kneading – intermittent vibration.
Relaxation massage scheme
Superficial stroking – deep stroking – light rubbing – superficial stroking – continuous vibration.
Relaxing massage ( w – thief. zone, facial muscles, lips, tongue muscles )
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Stroking superficial, deep |
trituration |
vibration |
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Neck - collar |
1. Stroking the back of the neck from the scalp to the shoulders from top to bottom 6 – 8 movements “rain from the roof” 2. Stroking from the parotid area of the face along the side of the neck to the armpits 3. Slowly stroking the neck in the throat area alternately with the palms of both hands. |
Lightly rubbing the back of the neck from the scalp to the shoulders from top to bottom 6 – 8 spiral “spring” movements 2. Light rubbing from the parotid area of the face along the side of the neck to the armpits from top to bottom 6 - 8 spiral movements |
Continuous vibration – clasp the back of the neck with the palm of your hand – “trembling” |
Relaxing massage
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stroking |
trituration |
vibration |
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Face, forehead |
Stroking is carried out with 2 – 4 fingers of both hands, movements are carried out 4 movements along each line simultaneously: from the middle of the forehead to the temples from the middle of the forehead to the ears from eyebrows to scalp from the inner corners of the eyebrows to the temples and to the inner corner of the eye from the back of the nose to the ears from the corners of the lips to the tragus from beard to lobe Longitudinal spiral movements |
Light rubbing is carried out along the same lines with 2 - 4 fingers of both hands, movements are carried out 4 times along each line simultaneously, or with a “comb-shaped” hand (the back surface of the second phalanges of the fingers of the hand). Movements can be performed using the following methods: 1. zigzag “saw” 2. spiral “springs” 3.wavy "snakes" 4. continuously 5. jerky "strokes" |
Relaxing massage
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stroking |
trituration |
vibration |
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Nasolabial folds |
rake-like stroking from the chin, middle of the lips, wings of the nose along the cheeks to the tragus of the auricle 4 times “washing” movements from the middle of the forehead along the cheeks to the subclavian region at the level of the armpits 4 times planar stroking of the cheeks “draw a rose” from the central point of the cheek, increasing the amplitude 4 times 1. stroking with the index finger from top to bottom 4 times 2. stroking from the nasolabial folds to the sides 4 times 3. spiral movement with simultaneous movement down the nasolabial folds 4 times |
1. “draw a rose” by moving the fabrics, but without pressing 4 times 2. “comb-like rubbing” 4 times rubbing with skin shifting, but without pressure 1. index finger from top to bottom 4 times 2. from the nasolabial folds to the sides 4 times spiral movement with simultaneous movement down the nasolabial folds 4 times |
2. light finger shower 3 hardware vibration massage 1. continuous vibration 4 counts 2. light finger shower 3 hardware vibration massage |
Relaxing massage
Massage the cheeks and orbicularis oris muscle from the inside with a spatula with a pacifier or a finger in a fingertip. The child is asked to open his mouth, the cheeks and lips are massaged on the inside with light circular movements. The thumb is turned inward. In the same way, the nipple passes under the upper lip, then the other cheek is massaged and inner side lower lip. 3 – 5 times.
Relaxing massage (Dyakova E. A.)
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stroking |
kneading |
vibration |
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1.Fix the tongue with your left hand on one side. With your right hand, clasp your tongue, thumb on top, perform longitudinal stroking movements from the tip of the tongue to the root and back 2 times “path”. First on one side, then on the other 2. Stroking movements from side to side - from the midline to the side of the tongue and back, “herringbone”, gradually moving from tip to root. First on one side, then on the other 2 times 3. Stroking the side surfaces of the tongue with the thumb and forefinger from tip to root 4 times |
Movements are directed from tip to root. 1. Light kneading. The thumb is on top, the index and middle fingers are on the bottom. Rubbing movements with gradual advancement from the tip of the tongue and back, first on one side of the tongue, then on the other. ( lateral movements) 1 time 2. The same, only make spiral or circular movements longitudinally 1 time |
Grasping the tip of the tongue with your right hand, lightly shake it 2. Lightly tap the tongue with a finger or spatula. |
The thumb is on top, the middle and index fingers are on the bottom, in the middle part. Turn your tongue to the right and pull it slightly, as if slightly pulling the root part of the tongue outward. Then a similar movement in the other direction.
The position of the fingers is the same. Pull your tongue forward, as if slightly twisting it around your index finger. Then return the tongue to its original position.
Relaxing massage (Krupenchuk O.I.)
M It is convenient to carry out tongue massage with a pacifier placed on a spatula or with a finger in a fingertip, or simply with cleanly washed hands. The muscles of the tongue are closely related to the muscles of the lower jaw. Relaxation of the tongue is easier to achieve by simultaneously lowering the lower jaw. To do this, passive gymnastics is used.
Place the thumb in the fingertip on top of the lower incisors, and place the remaining fingers under the chin. Under the weight of the thumb, the lower jaw smoothly falls down.
The speech therapist's fingers are placed on points located between the middle of the upper lip and the corner of the mouth on both sides, grasping upper lip(index fingers on top, thumbs on bottom). The fingers move apart with emphasis on the lower lip, the lower jaw drops.
Stroking along the entire jawline and massaging points at the angles of the lower jaw also helps to relax the chewing muscles and open the mouth.
The child is asked to open his mouth and stick out his tongue. The speech therapist holds the tip of the tongue with a gauze pad and massages the tongue. After performing several massage movements, the child is allowed to rest.
1. Stroking tongue from its middle part to the tip. Gradually you can move closer to the root of the tongue.
The technique is performed with a pacifier placed on a spatula.
2.Stroke the tongue in a zigzag manner in the same direction.
3. Stroking from the midline to the sides in a herringbone pattern.
4. Stroking the front edge of the tongue (along the perimeter from the midline to the sides along the edge of the tongue).
5. Patting over the entire surface of the tongue muscles.
6. Kneading the front edge of the tongue from the midline to the sides and up, the technique is performed with the hands - the thumb on top.
7. Patting pacifier or finger along the edge of the tongue from top to bottom.
8. Smooth stroking along the lateral edges of the tongue ( from tip to root and back ) , the tongue is fixed with the left hand. The mouth is open, the lips are smiling, the tongue is hanging out.
Stroking movements are carried out with the thumb and forefinger simultaneously.
9. Light pressure with the thumb and index finger of one hand along the lateral edges of the tongue. Fingers move from tip to root and back.
10. Grinding the lateral surfaces of the tongue with the thumb and index finger of one hand. Squeeze the lateral edges of the middle part of the tongue with your fingers on both sides and massage the captured area for 5 seconds. Move your fingers and rub the next area.
After massaging the tongue, especially with spasticity, ask the child to calmly place the tongue in the mouth “the tongue lies on the bed.” You can help the child: carefully place a spatula on the tongue, covering the tip of the tongue and part of the back with it, lightly press the tongue “cover the tongue with a blanket” for a few seconds. Regular practice of this technique helps to significantly reduce spasticity of the tongue.
After this, you can perform isotonic exercises.
Activating massage ( facial muscles, lips, tongue, neck, shoulder girdle )
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Zone 1 |
stroking |
trituration |
kneading |
vibration |
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Brows |
Deep stroking is carried out with 2 - 4 fingers of both hands, movements are carried out 4 movements along each line simultaneously: 1.from the middle of the forehead to the temples 2.from the middle of the forehead to the ears 3. from eyebrows to scalp. from the inner corners of the eyebrows to the temples and back to the inner corner of the eye. Movements are longitudinal, spiral from the inner corners of the eyebrows to the temples Longitudinal movements 2 - 4 times |
Rubbing is carried out with 2 – 4 fingers of both hands, movements are carried out 4 movements along each line simultaneously, or comb-like movements 1. zigzag “saw” 2. spiral “springs” 3. intermittent rubbing “strokes” 4. from bottom to top, wave-like movement “snake” 1. Longitudinal rubbing with 2 and 3 fingers simultaneously 2 - 4 times. |
1. Squeeze the fold of skin with two fingers in the appropriate directions. 1. Pinch movements, gripping longitudinally and transversely. |
Puncturing (tapping) "finger shower" 1. Puncturing (tapping) "finger shower" |
Invigorating massage
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Zone 2 |
stroking |
trituration |
kneading |
vibration |
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Cheeks Nasolabial folds |
Deep stroking is carried out with 2-5 fingers of both hands, movements are carried out 2-4 movements along each line simultaneously. Or rake-shaped stroking from the chin, middle of the lips, wings of the nose along the cheeks to the tragus of the auricle 4 times. |
Rubbing is carried out with 2 - 5 fingers of both hands, movements are carried out 4 movements along each line simultaneously on both sides, or comb-shaped movements: From the edge of the lower jaw to the edge of the zygomatic bone. 2.From the middle of the chin up to the wings of the nose. 3. From the angle of the lower jaw upward to the zygomatic bone (the area of the masticatory muscle). 1. Rubbing in the direction from the corner of the mouth to the wings of the nose. |
Pinch movements: Along the lines 1.From the chin to the lobe. 2. From the corners of the mouth to the tragus. 3. From the wings of the nose to the temple. 4. From the edge of the lower jaw to the edge of the zygomatic bone. 5.From the middle of the chin up to the wings of the nose. 6. From the edge of the lower jaw up to the edge of the zygomatic bone. 7. From the angle of the lower jaw upward to the zygomatic bone (the area of the masticatory muscle). 1. Pinch movements in the direction from the corner of the mouth to the wings of the nose. |
1. Puncturing (tapping) "finger shower" 2. Shaking the cheeks in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the back surface of the middle phalanges. 1. Puncturing (tapping) Basic techniques classic massage are stroking, rubbing, kneading and vibration. StrokingIt is performed by sliding over the surface of the skin and applying moderate pressure on it, but the massaged tissues do not move. Stroking can be planar - mainly on the chest, back, stomach - and grasping - on the limbs and lateral surfaces of the body. The technique is performed with one or two hands. Hand movements can be synchronous or alternating, continuous or in the form of intermittent, spasmodic passes. According to the depth of pressure, stroking can be superficial and deep. Superficial stroking (moderate pressure on the tissue) helps accelerate the flow of tissue fluid, improves the functioning of the skin glands, increases the elasticity of the skin itself, relieves excess tension in the deep muscle layers and has a general calming effect. Deep stroking leads to a decrease in swelling of the underlying tissues and tissues of internal organs associated with the massaged surface of the body by segmental innervation, increasing muscle tone. With increased muscle tone, on the contrary, it has a relaxing and softening effect. Deep stroking is effective on areas with excess fat deposits. Stroking techniques are performed using the palm, back or side surfaces of the entire hand or individual fingers, the supporting surface of the palm or a fist - depending on the configuration of the area being massaged and the required pressure on the tissue. For deep stroking, you can also use the so-called weighted brush: place one brush on top of the other, thereby increasing the pressure on the tissue being massaged. The following types of stroking are most often used by professional massage therapists. Pincer-shaped - performed in the form of pinching with fingers. This technique massages individual muscle layers, the edges of the hands and feet. To massage the scalp and intercostal spaces use:
Stroking techniques begin and end the procedure; All other massage techniques are also interspersed with stroking. TriturationThe treatment mainly affects the subcutaneous tissue and superficial layers of muscles. In contrast to stroking techniques, when rubbing, the massaging hand, pressing on the tissue, when moving along the massage lines, forms a fold or skin roll in front of itself (depending on the thickness and elasticity of the skin); shifts, separates and stretches subcutaneous structures. It is performed with the fingers, the supporting part of the hand or the edge of the palm. The types of rubbing are:
Rubbing techniques affect more superficial or deeper tissues, depending on the force of pressure. How to perform the technique, deep or superficial, depends on the thickness of the subcutaneous fat layer, the proximity of the vascular and nerve bundles to the surface, the size and depth of the location of the bony protrusions, the presence of edema and pain. Over bony protrusions, near neurovascular bundles, in painful areas, rubbing should not be deep. The last type of impact is performed over a thick layer of soft tissue. The optimal speed for performing stroking and rubbing techniques is 60-100 movements per minute, the duration of one movement is from 1 to 10 seconds. The described stroking and rubbing techniques have a calming, analgesic and decongestant effect, reduce increased muscle tone and raise tissue temperature. Rubbing softens scars and adhesions, increases the elasticity of ligaments, tendons, joint capsules and thereby increases tissue mobility and range of motion in the joints. KneadingImpact primarily on muscle fibers by pressing, shifting, pulling, stretching and squeezing muscles. At the same time, muscle tone is normalized, blood flow and metabolic processes in deep tissues are improved, and inflammatory infiltrates are resolved. Depending on the location of the massaging brush in relation to the muscles being massaged, kneading can be longitudinal or transverse. When performing kneading, the hand or individual fingers move along the massaged muscle continuously or in spasmodic movements. The following types of kneading are recognized as the most effective:
Twitching the chest tissue in sensitive areas improves breathing. VibrationThis is the imparting to tissues of oscillatory movements of different amplitudes at different speeds. Due to the elastic properties of tissues, deep layers are involved in oscillatory movements, along with the nerve trunks, vessels and internal organs located in them. Vibration may be intermittent and continuous. Intermittent vibration is produced by applying single rhythmic blows with the entire palm, its parts or individual fingers with a frequency of 100 to 300 beats per minute in areas spaced 3-10 cm from each other. The blows are applied by tapping, chopping and puncturing. Flat fist pounding I - the reception is quite harsh. The force of the blow can be reduced by hitting the fist flat. The hand is compressed weakly, there is space between the fingers and the palm. The air cushion under the hand softens the blow. Tapping can also be done with the elbow edge of the fist with the little finger extended - this also softens the blow. Tapping the palm of the hand with fingers slightly bent at the base (palm in the form of a ladle). Rhythmic blows are applied with one or two hands alternately due to movements in the wrist joints. Chopping performed with the ulnar edge of the palm with straightened fingers. To provide a hard impact, the fingers should be closed; for a lighter and more gentle impact, the fingers should be open. Chopping is convenient to do with two hands, but if necessary, you can do it with one. Chopping, tapping and patting are used in areas with a thicker muscle layer - on the back, shoulders, chest, excluding the heart area; these techniques are also not used on the front and side surfaces of the neck, in the groin area, elbow and popliteal fossae. Puncturing (tapping) with several fingers (2-5) is used in adults and older children. Puncture of the chest of small children should be performed with one finger, moving it along the front and back surfaces of the body. When performing a technique with several fingers - “staccato”. Or sequentially with each finger separately - as when typing on a typewriter. In both cases, the frequency of strokes is 100-120 per minute. The force of the blow is regulated by the inclination of the fingers to the surface of the massaged area: maximum - with the vertical position of the fingers, less force - with their inclined position during the blow. Continuous vibration is carried out by imparting oscillatory movements to the tissues, during which the massaging hand does not leave the massaged surface. Performed with the entire palm, parts of the palm or one finger. With continuous vibration, tissues are given oscillatory movements in series lasting 5-15 s at a frequency of 100-120 vibrations per minute. The force of influence is regulated by tilting the finger towards the massaged surface. The greater the inclination of the finger, the softer the vibration and the more gentle the effect on the underlying tissue. Shaking the chest with both hands using continuous vibration is especially effective in relieving bronchospasm. Gentle vibrations lead to muscle relaxation, including relaxation of the smooth muscles of the bronchi. Strong vibrations have a stimulating effect and promote the removal of mucus from the respiratory tract. Shaking individual muscles or muscle groups - the massaging hand grabs the muscles and produces oscillatory movements with increasing and decreasing speed. The technique is very effective for diseases of the lungs and other internal organs, in the presence of scars and postoperative adhesions. Vibration techniques can be performed using tonic (faster pace, jerky movements) or calming (softer, slower, smoother movements) methods - depending on the goal. A relaxing method is more suitable for relieving bronchospasm; a tonic method is more suitable for stimulating mucus discharge. The following articles on this topic will also help you: Massage techniques In classical massage, four main techniques are used: Stroking, rubbing, kneading, vibration. Each of them has auxiliary techniques that... While preserving the essence of the main movement, they make it possible to achieve the greatest effect in relation to the features of the anatomical configuration of the massaged area. The main criterion when choosing techniques in speech therapy massage is their dependence on the child’s muscle tone. For hypotension muscles, exciting and stimulating techniques are used: Intense intermittent stroking, rubbing and kneading. For hypertension The techniques used are mainly low-intensity superficial stroking and light rubbing. Stroking Stroking is a technique in which the massager’s hand glides over a person’s skin without causing it to shift or gather into folds. Basic stroking techniques Planar stroking Embracing stroking ( by hand position ) When flat stroking, the hand is held freely, without tension, the fingers are closed and in the same plane. This stroking is used on large areas of the skin - back, chest. During grasping stroking, the massager’s hand, taking the shape of a groove, is freely relaxed, the thumb is moved to the side as much as possible, so that it is opposed to the rest. The hand, grasping the massaged part of the body, fits tightly with the palmar surface to this area. Embracing stroking is used to massage the limbs, shoulder joints and other areas of the body with a round configuration. Planar and enveloping stroking can be superficial and deep(by intensity ). Superficial stroking - the hand of the massager gently, without effort, strokes. Has a calming effect Deep stroking - the massager’s hand applies more vigorous pressure to the underlying tissue. The effectiveness of pressure increases if it is performed by the supporting part of the hand - the wrist. Superficial stroking has a calming effect on the nervous system, reduces emotional arousal, promotes muscle relaxation, and increases skin firmness and elasticity. Deep stroking especially stimulates lymph and blood flow, helps quickly eliminate congestion, and remove metabolic products from tissues. Stroking can be done in the following areas : Longitudinal; Transverse; Zigzag; Circular; Spiral. It is carried out as a continuous slide over the massaged area of the body or in the form of intermittent rhythmic movements. Continuous stroking promotes an inhibitory reaction in the central nervous system. Intermittent stroking in the form of rhythmic movements has a stimulating effect on the central nervous system. Auxiliary stroking techniques. The most commonly used auxiliary stroking techniques in speech therapy massage are: Pincer-shaped In pincer-like stroking, the massaged tissues are grasped between the pads of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd fingers in a pincer-like manner. This technique is used when massaging the lateral surfaces of the fingers, the edges of the hand, and the foot. rake-shaped When rake-like stroking, fingers spread widely apart in a rake-like manner are placed with pads on the massaged area of the body at an angle of 30 - 45 degrees. Stroking is carried out in the longitudinal, transverse, zigzag and circular directions. This stroking is most often used when massaging the scalp. Comb-shaped Comb-like stroking is performed by the bony protrusions of the main phalanges of the fingers of one or both hands bent into a fist. The technique is used for deep stroking of the large muscles of the back, the plantar surface of the foot, and the palmar surface of the hand. These massage techniques are performed slowly, rhythmically 24 - 26 per minute. Stroking is carried out not only as an independent technique, but as a “connecting link” between techniques. First, superficial stroking is performed, and then deeper. During one massage session it is not necessary to use all types of basic and auxiliary techniques. TriturationRubbing is such a movement of the massaging hand when, while applying pressure, moves the skin in different directions. Rubbing enhances the contractile function of muscles and increases their tone. Under the influence of rubbing, a feeling of warmth quickly develops in the tissues. The temperature in them can rise by more than 5 degrees. Rubbing is also carried out longitudinally, transversely, zigzag, circularly, and spirally. If stroking is carried out mainly in one direction, then rubbing in both directions - back and forth. Performed in the same way as stroking but requires much more effort. The main rubbing techniques are: Rubbing with palms.Sawing – a technique in which rubbing of tissues is carried out with the elbow edge of one or both hands. When performing a technique with 2 hands, the hands are facing each other with palms (distance 1-3 cm). The movements are performed in opposite directions; a roll of massaged tissue should form between the hands. When rubbing, the hands of the massager displace the skin roller and underlying tissues, avoiding sliding over the surface of the skin. On average, the rubbing rate should be 60 - 100 movements per minute. It can be superficial and deep. The main task is to warm up the underlying tissues and prepare for the perception of more powerful techniques. Comb-like rubbing. Rubbing with fingers– produced by the fingertips. When rubbing, for example, the muscles of the lips with the thumb, the hand is fixed with the rest of the fingers. Mainly used for facial massage. Kneading Kneading is designed to work the muscles. When performing this technique, the neuromuscular fibers are stretched, as a result of which the influx of proprioceptive impulses going to the central nervous system improves. Which leads to reflex changes in the neuromuscular system. Kneading maximizes muscle function. It is carried out by shifting, stretching, grabbing, pulling tissue with one or two hands at the same time. Massage movements, like stroking, are performed longitudinally, transversely, and spirally. To strengthen the wrist. Kneading increases the tone and elasticity of muscles, strengthens them, and enhances contractile functions. Kneading is usually performed continuously. The hands do not let go of the muscle being massaged; they perform movements rhythmically, without stopping, at a pace of 40-50 movements per minute. In speech therapy massage, the technique is: Kneading is done with the pad of the thumb, or the thumb and index finger, or the thumb and all the others. The reception can be described as pinching - the tissue is grasped between the thumb and index finger and pinching movements are carried out. forceps-like technique - the massaged tissues are deeply grasped, slightly pulled back and passed between the fingers. Squeezing and rubbing - the muscles are squeezed between the pads of the thumb and other fingers, rubbing movements are carried out. Vibration and effleurage Vibration changes interstitial metabolism and improves tissue trophism. There are intermittent and continuous vibration. Intermittent vibration in speech therapy massage is carried out with one, two or all fingers, while light tapping of the “finger shower” is performed. Tones muscles. Continuous vibration is carried out by the palmar surface of the fingers or the entire palm; oscillatory movements are imparted to the tissues. Relaxes muscles. Firm pressure Used in areas where bundles of nerve endings exit. You can finish any stroking by pressing firmly. With reduced tone of the speech muscles, use– stroking, rubbing, kneading. Intermittent vibration. With increased tone of the speech muscles, use– stroking, continuous vibration, light rubbing. Massage is combined with active and passive gymnastics techniques. Toning massage scheme Stroking – light rubbing – stroking – intense rubbing – stroking – kneading – intermittent vibration. Relaxation massage scheme Superficial stroking – deep stroking – light rubbing – superficial stroking – continuous vibration. Relaxing massage ( w – thief. zone, facial muscles, lips, tongue muscles )
Glides over the skin of the person being massaged. The hand can press on the skin, but the degree of pressure varies. types of stroking:
types of massage:
Effect of strokingStroking is usually called preparatory massage. If the part of the body being massaged is very painful, then the first days of massage are limited to superficial stroking. The duration of stroking is from 3 to 5 minutes. Start stroking slightly above the sore spot. Moving away from the sore area, the stroking hand applies stronger pressure, as a result of which superficial stroking turns into deep. Stroking is called a preparatory massage because it promotes the outflow of blood from the sore spot. Stroking is the most accessible massage technique. They start the session with it, do it between other techniques, and finish the massage with it. Stroking can have both a calming and stimulating effect on a person and his nervous system. Massage therapists know that superficial and flat stroking soothes, while intermittent and deep stroking, on the contrary, excites. It all depends on the method of performing this technique and its dosage. There are reflexogenic zones on the human body - for example, the upper thoracic, epigastric, cervical-occipital. Stroking them reflexively has a healing (therapeutic) effect on certain organs and tissues of the body. If there are pathological changes in activity in some tissue or some organ, this can all be corrected by properly applied stroking. Stroking can be used as a pain reliever and also promotes resorption. When stroking the skin is cleansed from horny scales, secretions of sebaceous and sweat glands. The secretory function of the skin is activated, metabolic processes are enhanced, and the tone of the subcutaneous muscles increases. Due to the opening of reserve capillaries, blood circulation increases, and as a result the skin becomes smooth, elastic, and firm. Stroking the skin trains and tones blood vessels. The outflow of lymph and blood is facilitated, so swelling, if any, decreases. Due to the fact that the metabolism, as already mentioned, accelerates, the elimination of metabolic products and decay from the body occurs faster. In order to complete the task of stroking and drive lymph from the massaged area, it is necessary to stroke, grasping muscle groups and sliding in the intermuscular spaces along large ones equipped with valves. If you do not adhere to this rule and simply stroke the skin, then complete release of the area being stroked will not be achieved. Most of the squeezed out lymph, due to the elasticity of the walls of the lymphatic vessels and the absence of valves in them, will return back as soon as the pressure is stopped. Tissues are completely freed from lymph only in cases where the return of lymph is eliminated. This can only be achieved by simultaneous squeezing of lymph from small and large vessels, for which the stroked muscle group should be embraced as completely as possible. Stroking on upper limbs is carried out by hand, tightly gathered into a handful, on the thigh the massage therapist’s hand is more open, because here the muscle groups are voluminous and do not fit into a handful. On neck, back and chest stroking is done with a flat palm. The fingers and toes are stroked transversely on the back and palm surfaces and along the edges. Where muscles are covered with thick fascia, stroking with the palms is not enough and stroking with the back of the fist is used. To do this, the massage therapist gathers his hand into a handful and, bending it strongly, places the ends of the first phalanges on the peripheral edge of the area being stroked and strokes upward, gradually straightening the arm. The pressure on the area being stroked, both in this case and when stroking with the palm, should be wave-like. Starting lightly, the pressure gradually increases in strength and then decreases again before moving the arm out at the next joint. When stroking the limbs, one hand works, the other fixes the limb being stroked. The massage therapist's hand glides easily and freely over the massaged area and, in order for the movement to be smooth, the massage therapist moves his hand parallel to the part of the body being stroked. Having grabbed the muscle group being stroked with a handful, the massage therapist leads the hand to the overlying joint, where he withdraws it, bringing the thumb closer to the rest. A new stroking begins again from the underlying joint; You cannot move back and forth. Basic types of strokingPosition of the hand: fingers straightened, in the same plane, hand not tense, relaxed; the hand makes movements in different directions: longitudinally, transversely, circularly, spirally, with one or two hands.
This technique is used to massage the back, chest, abdomen, limbs, neck, and face. Planar deep strokingOne palm should weigh down the other. The degree of pressure may vary. The direction of movement is to the nearest lymph nodes. This technique is used to massage the back, pelvic area, abdomen, chest, and limbs. The hand and fingers are arranged in a groove shape. 1 finger (thumb) is moved to the side as much as possible, it seems to be opposed to the other fingers (2-5). The hand clasps the massaged surface. The hand can move continuously or intermittently. It depends on the tasks that the massage therapist faces in each specific case.
It is used for massage of the limbs, lateral surfaces of the torso, and buttocks area. You can do grasping stroking with weights so that the impact is more profound. Be sure to move to the nearest lymph node. Auxiliary types of strokingIroningThe arms are bent at a right angle at the wrist (metacarpophalangeal joints). We stroke with the back of our fingers, with one or two hands, sometimes with weights. This massage movement is practiced on the back, abdomen, face, and soles.
Pincer-like stroking (Fig. 5)The fingers should be folded in the form of tongs. Most often these are fingers 1, 2, 3 (thumb, index and middle) or only 1, 2. This technique is used when massaging small muscles: on the fingers, toes, ears, nose, facial muscles, other small muscle groups, and also when massaging tendons. Rake-like stroking (Fig. 6)The fingers of one or both hands are arranged like a “rake”, and this type of stroking is done with them. But, most importantly, the fingers should be positioned at an angle of 30-45 degrees to the body surface being massaged.
Rake-like stroking is used when it is necessary to massage the scalp, the spaces between the ribs, and also when it is necessary to bypass damaged areas of the skin. Comb strokingThe fingers of the hand (one or two) are bent into a fist, and massage is performed with their phalanges. The working surface in this case is the finger bones. This stroking is usually done when large muscle groups are massaged in the pelvic area, on the soles of the feet, on the palms of the hands, as well as in places where the tendons are covered with a dense layer of skin. Stroking technique
Mistakes that are most common when stroking
Classic Russian massage in 15 days Oguy Victor Olegovich Stroking. Features of physiological effects, technique and method of performing the technique Definition. Stroking is the main massage technique in which the massaging hand glides over the skin without moving it into folds. Physiological action. Stroking affects the skin as follows: Metabolic processes intensify, skin-muscle tone and contractile function of the skin muscles increase, as a result of which the skin becomes smooth, elastic, and firm. The skin is cleansed of horny scales, remnants of the secretions of the sweat and sebaceous glands, as a result of which skin respiration improves and the secretory function of the skin is activated. Stroking has a significant effect on blood vessels: The outflow of blood and lymph is facilitated, which helps reduce swelling, while metabolic and decay products are removed more quickly. Microcirculation is enhanced due to the opening of reserve capillaries. Stroking has a variety of effects on the nervous system: Depending on the technique and dosage, stroking can have a calming or stimulating effect. In the area of reflexogenic zones, stroking can have a reflex effect on the activity of various tissues and organs. Stroking can have an analgesic and absorbable effect. Execution technique. The main stroking techniques include: flat surface stroking and flat deep stroking, enveloping continuous stroking and enveloping intermittent stroking. The auxiliary ones include: ironing, rake-shaped, comb-shaped, cross-shaped and forceps-shaped stroking techniques. Planar surface stroking When performing this technique, a relaxed palm with straightened and closed fingers glides over the surface of the skin, almost without touching it (Fig. 24). The contact of the hand with the skin at the beginning and at the end of the massage technique should be so soft and gentle that the person being massaged barely feels this movement. Figure 24 Applicable: It is used to massage the pelvic area, back, chest, limbs, to weaken the tone of the lymphatic and blood vessels, to reduce increased tone muscles. Planar deep stroking It is performed like planar surface stroking, but more deeply (“with weight”) - with varying degrees of pressure (Fig. 25).
Figure 25 Applicable: with general and local circulatory disorders, including those caused by prolonged bed rest, with massage of the pelvic area, back, chest, and limbs. Embracing continuous stroking The palm of the hand should tightly, evenly adjoining the massaged part of the body, slide along its surface, adapting to all its anatomical contours (Fig. 26). The thumb and the other four fingers should represent the groove along with the palm. When grasping, continuous stroking, the massaging hand should move slowly.
Figure 26 Applicable: on the limbs, lateral surfaces of the chest, torso, gluteal region, on the neck, with edema, lymphostasis. Embracing intermittent stroking The position of the massaging hand when performing this technique is the same as during grasping continuous stroking. The forward movement of the massaging hand is accomplished with the help of short, spasmodic (every 2-4 cm), energetic rhythmic movements; The tissues being massaged are then grasped and squeezed, then released. When performing this technique, you must avoid pinching the tissues being massaged, and also ensure that during repeated movements the pressure is applied to the area of the body that was missed during the interval. Movements must be strictly rhythmic (Verbov A.F., 1966). Applicable: if necessary, bypass damaged areas. Ironing It is performed with the back surface of the phalanges of the fingers of the hand bent at right angles to the palm (Fig. 27).
Figure 27 Applicable: on the back, face, stomach, sole. rake-shaped It is performed with straightened and rake-like fingers of the hand (Fig. 28). The greater the angle between the fingers performing the stroking and the surface of the body part being massaged, the more energetic the effect of the rake-like technique. The angle can reach 45°.
Figure 28 Applicable: in the area of the scalp, intercostal spaces, as well as, if necessary, damaged areas. Comb-shaped It is performed by the bony protrusions of the main phalanges of the fingers folded into a fist and bent (Fig. 29). When performing a technique with both hands, hold the thumb of the right hand in the left fist or the thumb of the left hand in the right fist.
Figure 29 Applicable: on large muscle groups in the back, pelvis, in areas covered with dense fascia (palm, sole, lower back), with large deposits of fat. Cross-shaped Performed with two palms of the massage therapist (Fig. 30) with fingers crossed (clasped). When using this technique on the upper limb, the person being massaged can put his hand on the massage therapist’s shoulder or lean on the edge of the massage table.
Figure 30 Applicable: when massaging massive muscles, obesity, on the limbs. Pincer-shaped It is performed by folding the index finger and thumb (less often the thumb and the other four fingers) along the entire length of the muscle, grasping the belly of the muscle or individual muscle bundles (Fig. 31).
Figure 31 Applicable: when massaging the lateral surfaces of the fingers, hands, and feet, it allows you to selectively influence the muscles. Methodical instructions. Each massage session begins and ends with stroking; when moving from one technique (or its variety) to another, stroking is also performed. Superficial stroking is a preparation for deep stroking. Stroking should be done along the lymphatic and blood vessels. In case of edema, stroking should be carried out using a “suction” method - starting from the overlying segment closest to the group of lymph nodes, in order to clear the way for the movement of lymph and blood from the underlying segments of the limb. Starting a massage from the distal segment in the presence of tissue swelling means trying to pour liquid from a sealed bottle (Verbov A.F., 1966). Stroking should be done slowly and rhythmically. With rapid and irregular stroking (especially with tissue swelling), lymph flow worsens, and lymphatic vessels can be injured. When massaging muscles, stroking is done in the direction of the muscle fibers. When stroking, the muscles should be as relaxed as possible, the position of the person being massaged should be as comfortable as possible. It is not necessary to use all types of stroking techniques during the massage procedure. It is necessary to choose the most effective techniques for a given area Possible errors during execution. Excessive pressure when performing a technique, the formation of a fold causing discomfort or pain. Shifting the skin instead of sliding over it. Loose fit of the palm or fingers to the massaged surface. Spreading the fingers during planar stroking. Very fast pace and sharp execution of the technique. author Oguy Victor OlegovichTrituration. Features of the physiological effect, technique and method of performing the technique Definition. Rubbing is a massage technique in which the massage therapist’s hand, moving, displaces or stretches tissues in various directions. Physiological From the book Classic Russian massage in 15 days author Oguy Victor OlegovichKneading. Features of the physiological impact, technique and methodology for performing the technique Definition. Kneading is the most complex massage technique in terms of technique, in which the massaging hand performs several phases (according to Verbov A.F., 1966): a) continuous From the book Classic Russian massage in 15 days author Oguy Victor OlegovichVibration. Features of the physiological effect, technique and methodology for performing the technique Definition. Vibration is a massage technique in which the massage therapist’s hand (or apparatus) transmits oscillatory movements to the massaged part of the body with varying frequencies, intensity, From the book Welding author Bannikov Evgeniy AnatolievichTechnique for making seams To make a weld, first of all, determine the welding mode, which ensures good quality of the welded joint, established dimensions and shape with minimal costs of materials, electricity and labor. The welding mode is called author Vasichkin Vladimir Ivanovich From the book Great Guide to Massage author Vasichkin Vladimir Ivanovich author Ivanov Yu M From the book MAN AND HIS SOUL. Life in the physical body and the astral world author Ivanov Yu M From the book MAN AND HIS SOUL. Life in the physical body and the astral world author Ivanov Yu M From the book MAN AND HIS SOUL. Life in the physical body and the astral world author Ivanov Yu M From the book MAN AND HIS SOUL. Life in the physical body and the astral world author Ivanov Yu M From the book MAN AND HIS SOUL. Life in the physical body and the astral world author Ivanov Yu M From the book MAN AND HIS SOUL. Life in the physical body and the astral world author Ivanov Yu M From the book MAN AND HIS SOUL. Life in the physical body and the astral world author Ivanov Yu M author Podolsky Yuri Fedorovich From the book Wood Burning [Techniques, techniques, products] author Podolsky Yuri Fedorovich |
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